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Determination of stress of Norway spruce by direct methods
Krejza, Jan ; Světlík, J. ; Bellan, Michal ; Horáček, Petr
The aim of this methodology is to introduce methods of forest ground monitoring leading to evaluation of Norway spruce tree vitality. Certified methodology describes: measuring of the stem surface temperature by thermography, measuring of the sap flow, measuring the stem diameter fluctuation and by the analysis of xylogenesis and wood morphology. Emphasis was placed on the detection of the stress reaction before occurrence of the visual symptoms. The aim of this methodology is to present a comprehensive set of methods for measuring ecopysiological activity of a tree and to determine its health status. The goal of this methodology is to provide a unique tools for foresters and for forest management for direct and precise evaluation of health status of individual trees, but also a whole complexes of forest from the ground perspective. The individual methodological approaches are defined, can be used in practice and their interpretation is unambiguous. The novelty is based on the direct measurement of the physiological activity of the individual trees, which exclude any degree of subjectivity in the evaluation process.
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Evolutionary ecology of the genus Geosmithia
Veselská, Tereza ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
7 Abstract The genus Geosmithia Pitt (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) belongs to fungi living in symbioses with bark beetles. Its original strategy is association with phloeophagous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). The Geosmithia shows strong affiliation to vector (bark beetles) worldwide and the spectrum of host plants is delimitated by niche of vector. The genus includes the specialists to family Pinaceae, but also the generalists with wide range of host plants mainly belonging to broad-leaved trees. G. morbida changed its ecology from saprotrophic to pathogenic way of life and causes decline of Junglans nigra in the USA. Characteristics which allow its pathogenesis are not known. Another derived strategy, which occurred at least twice independently, is association with the ambrosia beetles. The ambrosia beetles create galleries in xylem with low nutritive value, and thus they cultivate ambrosia fungus, on which they are entirely nutritively dependent. The ambrosia fungi share convergent phenotype which leads to large terminal conidia and to ability of yeast growth. This master thesis is focusing on study of the features, which are important for individual ecological groups: the specialists to family Pinaceae, the pathogene, the ambrosia fungi and the generalists. It is becoming apparent that the most...
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Comparison of bark boring species composition on douglas-fir and spruce
Trepáč, Matěj ; Pešková, Vítězslava (advisor) ; Šenfeld, Petr (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's work was observation and follow-up evaluation of tree trap of Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii ((Mirbel) Franco, 1950), and Norway spruce, Picea abies ((Linnaeus.) H. Karsten, 1753). This work was focused on the attractiveness of Douglas fir in comparison with Norway spruce, primarily on bark beetles.
Two years in sequence 6 pairs of tree trap above mentioned species were evaluated each year at locality Zelená Bouda. Evaluation were made during period of spring attack, before adult bugs were ready for swarming. Four sections were evaluated at each tree trap. The basic method was quantitative comparison based on results that we obtained during this research.
Obtained results were recorded into transparent tables and graphs according to individual year with year-on-year comparison. Written evaluation was following behind.
Results can be used as a basis for desicion making if Douglas fir is appropriate for growing in ours conditions in larger scale. So far we can presume from obtained results that Douglas fir is less attractive then Norway spruce.
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Comparison of bark boring species composition on douglas-fir and pine
Košík, Kamil ; Pešková, Vítězslava (advisor) ; Šenfeld, Petr (referee)
This work deals a comparison the diversity of species of bark beetles on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb./Franco) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). On location the Green Shed in the Central Region of the Czechia were laid 24 traps, so that Douglas fir and Scots pine formed a couple. They were prepared two variants - trees up to 30 years and a trees of 40 - 60 years old. Evaluation took place after four sections in the relative distances. Research has shown that the both species of the trees were not broad spectrum of bark beetles. On Douglas fir it was only a Pityogenes chalcographus L., who was found in only one trap tree at the age of 30 years, and on the Scots pine trap tree was found only Tomicus piniperda L., but it was found in most traps.
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